بررسی روان‌شناختی اعتراض و اغتشاش

•   آرشیو : بهار 1405
•   کد پذیرش : 28343
•   موضوع : سایر شاخه‌ها
• نویسنده/گان : | مهدی عامری، وحید ملک محمدی
•   زبان : فارسی
•   نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
•   چکیده مقاله به فارسی : اعتراض اجتماعی و اغتشاش دو پدیده‌ی رفتار جمعی هستند که در بطن خود از فرآیندهای روان‌شناختی پیچیده‌ای تغذیه می‌کنند. با وجود شباهت‌های ظاهری، این دو پدیده از نظر منابع انگیزشی، پویایی‌های هویتی، ساختارهای شناختی و سازوکارهای هیجانی تفاوت‌های اساسی دارند که درک دقیق آن‌ها هم از منظر نظری و هم از منظر کاربردی ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی کاملاً تئوریک و با تکیه بر نظریه‌های پایه‌ای روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، شناختی و سیاسی، به بررسی جامع مبانی روان‌شناختی اعتراض و اغتشاش می‌پردازد. چارچوب تحلیلی مقاله بر چهار محور اصلی استوار است: (۱) فرآیندهای انگیزشی و شناختی زیربنای مشارکت اعتراضی؛ (۲) پویایی‌های هویت اجتماعی، هنجارهای گروهی و نقش آن‌ها در شکل‌دهی رفتار جمعی؛ (۳) عوامل روان‌شناختی تسهیل‌گر گذار از اعتراض مدنی به اغتشاش خشونت‌آمیز؛ و (۴) پیامدهای روان‌شناختی مشارکت در این رویدادها برای افراد و جوامع. بررسی نظریه‌های محوری شامل نظریه هویت اجتماعی تاجفل و ترنر، مدل هویت اجتماعی رفتار جمعی تجدیدنظرشده رایشر، مدل یکپارچه کنش جمعی ون زومرن و همکاران، نظریه محرومیت نسبی گار، نظریه فرآیند سیاسی مک‌آدام، مدل تنظیم هیجان گراس و نظریه‌های تصعید پویا نشان می‌دهد که اعتراض و اغتشاش از مجراهای هویتی، ساختاری و هیجانی متمایزی عبور می‌کنند. یافته‌های نظری تأیید می‌کنند که گذار از اعتراض به اغتشاش نه یک پیوستار خطی بلکه پدیده‌ای غیرخطی و وابسته به تعامل عوامل فردی، گروهی، موقعیتی و ساختاری است. پیامدهای این تحلیل برای مداخلات روان‌شناختی، آموزش مهارت‌های شهروندی، تدوین سیاست‌های مدیریت جمعیت و دستورالعمل‌های بهداشت روانی بحث می‌شود.
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•   کلمات کلیدی به فارسی : اعتراض اجتماعی، اغتشاش، هویت اجتماعی، محرومیت نسبی، رفتار جمعی، روان‌شناسی سیاسی، هنجارهای گروهی، تنظیم هیجان، کنش جمعی.
•   چکیده مقاله به انگلیسی : Social protest and riot are two forms of collective behavior that draw on complex psychological processes. Despite their surface similarities, these phenomena differ fundamentally in their motivational sources, identity dynamics, cognitive structures, and emotional mechanisms—distinctions whose precise understanding is both theoretically and practically essential. This article employs a purely theoretical approach, grounding its analysis in foundational frameworks from social, cognitive, and political psychology, to offer a comprehensive examination of the psychological underpinnings of protest and unrest. The analytical framework is organized around four principal axes: (1) the motivational and cognitive processes underlying protest participation; (2) social identity dynamics and group norms and their effects on collective behavior; (3) the psychological factors facilitating the transition from civil protest to violent unrest; and (4) the psychological consequences of participation in these events for individuals and communities. A systematic review of key theories—including Tajfel and Turner's Social Identity Theory (1979), Reicher's Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM; 1987, 2001), van Zomeren and colleagues' Integrated Model of Collective Action (2008), Gurr's Relative Deprivation Theory (1970), McAdam's Political Process Theory (1982), Gross's Process Model of Emotion Regulation (1998, 2015), and dynamic escalation models—reveals that protest and unrest are sustained by distinct identity-based, structural, and emotional pathways. Theoretical findings confirm that the transition from protest to unrest is not a linear continuum but a nonlinear, context-dependent phenomenon contingent on the interaction of individual, group, situational, and structural factors. The cyclical escalation model, derived from field studies of crowd dynamics, demonstrates that this transition is frequently the outcome of dysfunctional interactions between crowd members and control forces rather than an inevitable property of collective gatherings. The concept of collective humiliation emerges as an independent predictor of violent unrest, beyond material deprivation, with significant implications for social policy. Implications of this analysis are discussed for psychological intervention, civic education, crowd management policy, and directions for future empirical research.
•   کلمات کلیدی به انگلیسی : social protest, riot, social identity, relative deprivation, collective behavior, political psychology, group norms, emotion regulation, collective action.
•  صفحات : 47-63
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